Oven.



I. KING.

ovw. 'APPUQATION FILED APR- ZB. HH-

Patented Feb. 19,191&

IVAN KING, 61? L953 1 th GELES, GALIFGRNIA.

G VEN.

Application filed April 28, 1917.

To all whom it may concern:

Beit known that I, IVAN Kine, a citizen of the United States, residing at Los Angeles, in the county of Los Angeles and State of California, have invented a new and useful Oven, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to ovens, and more particularly to ovens which are specially de signed and adapted for baking bread.

The principal object of my invention is to provide an oven which will have a very uniform heat, and which will be somewhat hotter at the mouth than at the rear.

In the charging and discharging of ovens, the loaves of bread at the back of the oven are put in first and taken out last, and if those at the rear are to be uniformly baked with those in the front of the oven, the front of the oven must be somewhat hotter. A further object of the invention is to provide an oven in which there are no hot spots, even where there is a somewhat uneven burning of the fire.

Further objects and advantages will be made evident hereinafter.

Referring to the drawings, which are for illustrative purposes only:

Figure 1 is a vertical, central section through the center of the oven on a plane indicated by the line 1+1 of Fig. 2.

Fig. 2 is a section through the oven on a plane indicated by the line 22 of Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is a somewhat diagrammatic section, on a small scale. showing the primary flues, this section being taken on a plane represented by the line 33 of Fig. 2.

Fig. 4 is a somewhat diagrammatic section, on a small scale. of the secondary flues, this section being taken on a plane representcd by the line of Fig. 2.

The furnace is constructed of brick, or other similar material, and consists essentially of walls forming primary flues 11. secondary flues 12, equalizing channels 13, and a baking chamber 14. Formed in the front of the furnace is a fire door 20 through which a suitable gas or oil burner 21 projects, the principal combustion taking place in the center flue 22 of the primary flues 11. Hot gases then pass in the course indicated by the arrows in Fig. 3 through the other primary flues successively in two series, the hot gases finally rising through openings 23 into the front end chamber 24: extending across the front of the furnace and connect- Specification of Letters Patent.

ing pierced at regular intervals with a seri Patented Feb. 19, i918.

Serial Ii'o. 165,291.

ing with each of the secondary flues 12. The hot gases then pass through those secondary fines 12 to the rear of the fr nace and upwardly through a chimney or stack 25.

Placed on the top of wall 26 of the secondary flues 1" is a body of sand 2'? which is thin at the forward end and of increasing depth at the rear, as best shown in Fig. l. Superimposed upon this sand is the floor 28 of the baking chamber 1%, this floor he of equalizing channels 29. It will be noted that the equalizing channels 29 run at right angles to the secondary flues 12- and separated therefrom by the walls of the fun nace and the graduated layer of sand The equalizing channels 29 are carried up wardly, as shown at 30, in the side walls of the furnace, and connect either end to cross pipes 31 which extend across the i .lnace inside the baking chamber The equalizing channels 29 and the pipes 31 tend to equalize any hot spots which be formed in the floor of the baking chamber 1 thereby providing a very superior distribution of heat. The back of the baking chamber 14 may be connected through an opening 32 provided with a damper 33 connected with the stack 25. A door B lis provided at the forward end of the baking chamber 14 through which the ba ing chantber 14- may be charged.

It will be observed that by the use or the primary fines 11 the hot gases are broken up and thoroughly mixed before passing into the secondary flues 12. It will further be noted that the body of sand 27 provides for ahot oven at the forward end and a somewhat cooler oven at the rear end. will further be noted that the equalizing channels 29 and the pipes 31, being placed at right angles to the secondary flues l2, serve to equalize any uneven temperatures in these flues, and distribute this temperature across the oven.

I have found that by properly proportioning the body of sand27, and the various parts'above described, that a very superior type of oven is produced which is especially adapted to the baking of bread, and which can obviously be used for analogous purposes.

I attach great importance to the equalizing channels 29. In an ordinary oven fired from below the floor of the oven or hearth is generally the hottest part and many in- .of the oven.

renters have attempted to remedy this by passing hot gases through the walls or top My equalizing channels 29 form a very efficient solution to the problem. The pipes'3l transfer heat very readily, the air which is cooled therein falling through the channels 30 into the equalizing channels 29 in the hot hearth. The pipes 31 are therefore maintained at a temperature very close to that of the bottom of the equalizing channels 29. The tops of the channels 29 being somewhat cooler than the bottoms and the nppersurface of the fioor 28 being in turn somewhat cooler than the top of the channels 29 it is evident that by a proper pro portioning of the parts the pipes 31 may be maintained at a temperature very close to the fioor temperature.

Conversely if it is desired to cool the oven,

the damper 33 and the door 36L being opened, the rush of cold air through the furnace cools the pipes 81 and the cooled air from these pipes falls through the openings 30 into the equalizing channels 29 thus cooling the hearth or fioor of the oven much more rapidly and evenly than can be done in the conventional type of ovens In fact I regard the equalizing channels 29 with their connecting channels 30 and pipes 31, which form a series of closed rings about the oven, as forming the gist of my invention. The total eficiency is, however, increased by the use of the secondary fines 12, and the primary fines 11, in combination with the equalizing channels 29 as set forth in the following claims.

I claim as my invention 1. In anoven, walls forming a series of parallel secondary fines; means for supplying hot gases to said secondary fines; walls forming a baking chamber; and walls forming a series of equalizing channels each extending between said secondary fines and said chamber and extending completely around said baking chamber, said equalizing channels being entirely shut ofi from the products of combustion the oven.

of the fire heating 23rd day of April, 1917.

2. An oven as in claim (1) in which each of the equallzlng channels extends up at either s1de of the baking chamber and 1s joined at its upper end by a pipe which extends through and across the upper portion of the baking chamber. 7

3. An oven as in claims (1) and (2) in which a layer of heat insulating material is placed between the secondary fines and the channels, said heat insulating medinmbeing thicker at the rear thanat the front'ofthe oven.

4. An oven as in claims (1), (2), and (3) in which a series of primary fines are formed by walls below said secondary fines, the hot gases which are finally delivered to said secondar fines bein first assed throu 'h q 7 b 2:! q

ing channels extending therethrough below.

and across said baking chamber; means for heating the under side of said fioor; and walls forming extensions to said equalizing channels and forming a series of closed conduits each extending completely around said oven. 1 1

6. An even comprising walls forming a baking chamber; a fioor below said baking chamber forming a portion of the Walls thereof, said floor having a series of equalizing channels extending therethrough below and across said baking chamber; means for heating the under side of said fioor; walls forming extensions of said equalizing channels extending upwardly at either side of said oven; and a series of pipes each of which extends across the top of the oven forming a portion of one of said equalizing channels which are thereby each made a partof a closed ring encircling the baking chamber.

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto set my hand at Los Angeles, California, this IVAN Kine.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents.

Washington, D. 0 

